GRAMMAR TOEFL
TENSES
1. Simple present
tense
This tense is
usually not use to indicate present time. However, it is used to indicate
present time (now) with the following stative verbs; know, understand, have,
believe, hate, need, hear love, appear, see, see, like seem, smell, want,
taste, wish, sound, and own. Simple present tense is also used to indicate a
regular or habitual action.
Examples :
·
I eat
every certain time
·
I get
holiday every sunday
2. Present
Progressive (continuous)
Subject + {am;
is; are}
+ [verb + ing]
The present progressive is used to indicate
present time (now) with all but the stative verbs listed previously. It is also
used to indicate future time.
Examples :
· I am writing a letter now
·
He is
teaching now
3. Simple Past
Tense
The simple past is
used for a completed action that happened at one specific time in the past.
Examples :
·
She
advised her friend when they went togethet last day
·
I eat
rice because I felt hungry
4. Past Progressive
(continuous)
Use of Past
Progressive
a.. puts emphasis
on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.
b. two actions
happening at the same time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he
was washing the dishes.
c. action going on
at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the
phone suddenly rang
5. Present Perfect
Subject +
[has/have] + [verb in past participle] …
We use the Present
Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific
time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,
when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the
Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many
times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples :
· I have seen that movie
twenty times.
· We have already written
our reports
· Maria hasn’t called her
parents yet
6. Present Perfect
Progressive (continuous)
Subject +
[has/have] + been + [verb+ing]
Use of Present Perfect
Progressive
a. puts emphasis on
the duration or course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two
hours.
b. action that
recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since
2001.
c. finished action
that influenced the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
7. Past Perfect
Subject +
had + [verb in past participle]…
Examples :
· You had studied English
before you moved to New York.
· John went home after he
had gone to the store
8. Past Perfect
Progressive (continuous)
Subject + had
+ been + [verb+ing]…
Examples :
Nate had been
working at the university forforty-five years before he retired
The Example of Grammar in Toefl Question
1. The Eiffel Tower
___________ Paris, France
a. landmarks
b. is landmarked in
c. is a landmark in
answer
: c. is a landmark in
grammar : simple present tense
2. Not until a dog
is several months old does it begin to exhibit signs of independence
___________.
a. its mother from
b. from mother
c. to mother
d. from its mother
answer
: D. from its mother
grammar : simple past tense
3. If it _________
so cloudy, we would plan on having the fair outside.
a. was
b. was not
c. weren’t
d. had not
answer
: B. WAS NOT
grammar : sipmle past tense
http://anisamaulina.blogspot.com/2013/05/grammar-on-toefl-test.html
